Macular degeneration

The macula is a small but important area at the center of the retina, 3-5 millimeters wide. It’s crucial for high-acuity vision, color perception and our ability to see small details.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the macula. When it is damaged, the central visual acuity is impaired, while peripheral vision usually remains intact. AMD occurs in two types: dry and wet AMD, dry being the more common type.

Macular degeneration is the most common cause of severe visual impairment in people over 50. Common symptoms include reduced visual acuity as well as metamorphopsia, where straight lines can be perceived as wavy.

Symptoms

Age-related macular degeneration affects central visual acuity and causes blurred vision or metamorphopsia.

There are two types: dry AMD (gradual vision loss) and wet AMD (rapid decrease in vision and distorted lines).

Dry AMD

• Gradually declining central vision acuity, which makes it difficult to read or see fine details.
• Impaired contrast sensitivity, especially in dim light.
• Central scotoma, a dark or blind spot in the center of the field of vision.
• Impaired color perception, with difficulty to distinguish similar shades.
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Wet AMD

• Sudden decline in central vision acuity, where straight lines can appear wavy.
• Metamorphopsia, the distortion of straight lines.
• Central scotoma, a dark or blind spot in the center of the field of vision.
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Risk factors for AMD

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) mainly affects adults, and several factors can increase risk:

• Age: The risk increases drastically after the age of 50.
• Genetics: A family history of AMD increases the risk.
• Smoking: Increases the risk of developing and worsening the disease.
• Light exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV light can increase risk.
• Cardiovascular disease: High blood pressure and atherosclerosis can increase risk.
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Treatment of AMD

Dry AMD

Dietary supplements: High doses of antioxidants and zinc, vitamin C, E and beta carotene can slow progression of the disease, especially early on. Always consult a doctor before treatment.

Lifestyle changes: Healthy eating, regular exercise and to quit smoking can decrease risk and increase eye health.

Wet AMD

Anti-VEGF injections: The treatment reduces the growth rate of abnormal blood vessels and fluid in the macula, which can improve vision and slow down the progression of the disease. The injections may need to be repeated regularly.

We are an authorised centre by Region Skane.